A Community-Based Behavioural Model For Water Conservation: Mitigating Climate Change Impacts In Lowcost Housing Communities In South Africa

Abstract

Effective community engagement and behavioural change are critical in addressing water
scarcity exacerbated by climate change in low-cost housing (LCH) communities. This paper
presents a community-based behavioural model for water conservation, developed using
insights from a study conducted in the eThekwini Municipality, South Africa. The study
applied the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Nudge Theory to understand and
influence water usage behaviour among residents of the Waterloo community, north of
Durban, South Africa. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus
groups, and surveys involving over 300 participants, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of
the factors influencing water consumption.
Findings revealed that while residents possessed knowledge of conservation practices, this
did not consistently translate into behaviour. Key barriers included a lack of incentives and
limited community involvement in conservation initiatives. The proposed model integrates
three strategic pillars: (1) community education on the environmental and economic
importance of water conservation, (2) engagement through participatory decision-making
and localized interventions, and (3) the application of nudge techniques such as default
options and targeted reminders to promote behavioural shifts.
This framework offers practical guidelines for policymakers and municipalities to foster
sustainable water usage in resource-scarce settings. The research highlights the
importance of aligning conservation efforts with cultural and social norms, leveraging
behavioural science to drive long-term adaptation and mitigation in the face of climate
change. The proposed model has broader applicability for water-stressed regions globally,
offering a scalable approach to community-driven environmental sustainability.