The Climate Migration Nexus In Lupane, Zimbabwe: Adapting To Change Or Fleeing A Crisis?

Abstract

This study explores the impact of climate change on migration decisions in Ward
19 of Lupane District, Zimbabwe, using qualitative methods, such as key informant
interviews, focus groups, and in-depth discussions. Findings indicate that increasing
climate variability, especially prolonged droughts, erratic rainfall, and declining
water resources, has severely disrupted agriculture, prompting households to adopt
migration, both internal and cross-border, as a coping mechanism. Although
migration can provide temporary relief through remittances and livelihood
diversification, it also often creates new challenges. These include family separation,
reduced rural labour, and heightened strain on infrastructure. Women are
particularly affected as they take on expanded roles in managing farms and
households in the absence of migrating men, often without adequate resources or
institutional support. The study concludes that while migration can enhance
resilience for some households, it also deepens existing vulnerabilities, especially
among poorer households. Addressing climate-induced migration effectively
requires integrated multidimensional strategies. Key policy recommendations
include investing in community-based adaptation, adopting gender-sensitive
interventions, and formally recognizing migration as a legitimate climate adaptation
strategy. Embedding these approaches into local and national policy frameworks is
crucial for building resilience and minimizing the adverse effects of climate-driven
displacement.