School Dropout In Nigeria: A Threat To Sustainable Development And Generational Progress

Abstract

School dropout is a significant social issue affecting numerous continents
worldwide. The impact can shatter the individual's future. This study examines
the cognitive, emotional, social, economic, and intergenerational effects of school
dropout in Nigeria. This study adopted a qualitative interpretative paradigm to
understand the implications of leaving school early among 21 participants in
Lagos, Nigeria. The participants were purposively selected, having met the
inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that dropouts experience limited cognitive
development, including reduced critical thinking ability, analytic reasoning, and
problem-solving skills, which limits their capacity to adapt in an evolving job
market. Emotionally, dropouts are more vulnerable to low self-esteem, anxiety,
and depression, often stemming from financial struggles and social stigma.
Socially, they experience weakened interpersonal relationships, higher risks of
delinquency, and lower civic engagement. Economically, dropouts encounter
limited employment opportunities, increased poverty risks, and greater
dependence on government assistance. Furthermore, the intergenerational effects
include cycles of poverty, early parenthood, and reduced parental involvement in
education. At a national level, high dropout rates contribute to lower workforce
productivity, higher crime rates, and increased public health burdens. Addressing
this issue requires targeted interventions such as mentorship programs, vocational
training, and mental health support to reduce dropout rates and mitigate its long-term effects.