Exploring Mechanisms for Holding Non-State Actors Accountable in Non-International Armed Conflicts: A Case Study of the Nigerian Boko Haram Insurgency

Abstract

This article scrutinises the legal frameworks governing the accountability of non-state
actors in non-international armed conflicts, with a specific focus on the Nigerian Boko
Haram insurgency. It examines international laws pertaining to armed conflicts and
counter-terrorism measures to assess the mechanisms available for addressing the
challenges posed by such conflicts. Through a case study of the Boko Haram insurgency,
the article explores the intricacies of holding non-state actors accountable within the
Nigerian context, evaluating the efficacy of existing legal frameworks and policy
responses. By synthesising theoretical perspectives with empirical evidence, the article
aims to deepen understanding of non-state actor regulation in armed conflicts and
inform strategies for enhancing legal and policy responses to similar disputes globally.
With a detailed analysis of the Boko Haram insurgency, including its actors, tactics, and
policy responses, this article seeks to identify avenues for improving non-state actors'
adherence to the laws of war by pinpointing gaps in applicable laws, implementation,
and enforcement mechanisms.